How to Bend PVC Pipe or Plastic Conduit Tube
Dan has been a licensed journey-level electrician for 17 years. He has extensive experience in most areas of the electrical trade.
Why Bend PVC Pipe?
There can be a variety of reasons to learn how to bend PVC pipe or conduit. It can be quite artistic and can be used as artwork. It can also be used as support for other items. As an electrician, I have installed miles of PVC conduit underground, and it always needs to be bent at one point or another. Elbows or other pipe fittings won't work for conduit as wire cannot be pulled through them—a gentle, sweeping bend is necessary.
The only thing you don't want to do is bend the pipe for use in water piping. Bending involves heating, and this will inevitably weaken the wall of the pipe, which means it won't be able to withstand the pressure it was designed for.
Heat Sources for Curving PVC Pipe
The first thing you will need is a source of heat, and while there are lots of possibilities (you could use a campfire). Some are clearly better than others. One heat source that is forbidden is your kitchen oven or cooktop. PVC can easily char, smoke, or even catch on fire, and when it does, the smoke is quite noxious, and the fire is extremely difficult to put out. Do the work outdoors.
Electric blankets are available for bending smaller pipe as are hot boxes for conduit or pipe up to 4" in diameter. Heat guns, similar to a hair dryer but more powerful, work well for small pipe and are not extremely expensive if you have more than just a few pieces to bend.
My personal favorite is a weedburner for those times when the hotbox is not available, or if there is no power for it. This is nothing more than a large torch that runs off the same propane tank a gas barbecue does. It is quite effective for larger conduit, although a little difficult to control for 1" and smaller pipe.
Heat Bending PVC Pipe
The first thing to do is to find a place to work. A grass or weed covered area is not advisable as not only may the growth catch fire, but it will likely leave marks in the soft pipe. The same goes for a gravel or asphalt surface as rocks, or the rough surface of asphalt will leave marks and asphalt will soften or melt as well. Concrete is good, and a sand bed will work well also.
Lay the pipe on the ground and begin applying heat. The photos below were taken using a weedburner torch to heat with, and if any kind of torch is used, it must be kept moving. In addition, keep turning the pipe every few seconds and watch the surface for any signs of charring.
While the surface of the pipe may turn a light brown, anything beyond that indicates that the heat is being left in one place too long. The National Electric Code prohibits the use of a torch (although it is commonly used anyway) just because it is all too easy to burn the conduit. Keep the torch head a good distance from the pipe, spreading the heat, and keep it moving.
If the heat is applied within about 6" of the end of the pipe, it is almost inevitable that it cannot be joined to another pipe as it will become slightly deformed and fittings will no longer slide on. If you must start a bend near the end make the unbent portion a little longer by keeping heat at least a foot away from the end and cut it off later. It is also possible to glue a fitting onto the pipe before heating, but make absolutely sure that the glue is completely dry; fresh glue is extremely flammable.
The heated PVC will turn soft and floppy as it warms, to the point that picking up one end of the pipe will not move the other end. It will also soften so that that pressure with a fingertip will dent the surface, which will promptly spring back when pressure is removed. It is at this point that the pipe is ready to bend.
Keeping the pipe round instead of oval can be a trick and is usually desirable for aesthetic reasons. The electrical code requires that the pipe be round as well and inspectors seeing an oval pipe will reject it. Using a wet rag to squeeze the pipe round while a helper pours water over the small area being squeezed works well here. Make sure that the water is only applied in a small area. If an oval section is cooled, it will remain oval instead of round.
The use of gloves is highly recommended as the heated portion of the pipe or conduit will be too hot to touch for more than a second or two. Lay the pipe on the ground and make the bend desired.
Read More From Dengarden
If it is more than a simple one point bend it is desirable to have a jig ready to hold the bend in place; some nails strategically placed on a piece of plywood, or perhaps stones place in the right place to hold the bent conduit. While the photos show three bends in the pipe, they were done one at a time and left to cool between bends - this allows the pipe to be held in place by holding the cool portions.
If the pipe kinks it is being bent too sharply or is not hot enough. Small kinks can be worked out by pressing on the pipe with a wet rag and working it up and down the pipe, but only to a point. Severe kinks will require immediately relaxing the bend to a longer radius or heating it to a high temperature before bending again. If it is allowed to cool with a kink in the pipe, it will be virtually impossible to remove.
Multiple bends are often an easy way to do the job all at once—if a long enough section can be heated all at once, an "S" bend can be done by simply laying the floppy pipe out into the desired shape. The larger the pipe, though, the harder it is to get enough heat to soften it.
Even the large weedburner shown in the photos will not heat a section of 4" pipe more than about 5 feet long. In such cases, let the pipe cool completely after making one bend and reheat it for a second bend. Help may be necessary to turn it if it already has one bend as it will not be the same as simply rolling it along the ground to turn it over.
Heating the pipe is a little tricky to accomplish without burning it so you may want to have an extra piece to practice on if this is your first time. PVC pipe is not expensive, and it could pay dividends in time and effort to "play" with it a little before getting down to business.
The pipe being bent in the photos will be used to make a small child's beach chair and is but one example of what can be done with PVC pipe. Let your imagination run, and you will find many PVC pipe projects that can be accomplished with a minimum of cost simply by learning the techniques and skills of how to bend PVC pipe.
If you are using PVC conduit to pull wire through, needing to bend it at some point is almost inevitable and learning this will pay for itself by allowing you to provide bends as desired instead of buying factory bends that are only available in a small variety.
This article is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge. Content is for informational or entertainment purposes only and does not substitute for personal counsel or professional advice in business, financial, legal, or technical matters.
© 2012 Dan Harmon
Comments
Dan Harmon (author) from Boise, Idaho on June 25, 2017:
About all I can suggest is to purchase more pipe (and larger - perhaps 1" or even 1 1/4") and some fittings - 90's, T's, etc. You'll have to design your own, though - I don't see a single length being bent with legs as well as seat and back.
lisarobbins1965@gmail.com on June 25, 2017:
I have badback & knees .Do you know how i can make a beach chair higher .so I can get out of it..lounge chair?? Tk u
de david on September 02, 2016:
Since you made mentioning Not to Heat Water Pipe, I designed a built an Olympic size pool, using the Olympic Symbols in 1972 (that's 44 years ago) heating every single pipe to fit the circles and round spa. I also added water pressure by downsizing from a larger inlets to smaller outlets to push the water which reduced cleaning time to 1 hour per day, instead of the usual 8 hour waste of electricity. In those 44 years I have never had a pipe problem because of using heat to bend PVC to fit the design. Bending pipe also was a big plus is water flow increasing the pressure due there being no 90 or 45 degree fittings to obstruct flow. And pools consist of hundreds of 90's and 45's. The same goes for ABS pipe (drain pipe) for fixing badly cut or pipe which just can't match up to the angle of the cuts.
Kudos to this web page, I've never heard anyone make mentioning of heating PVC pipe.
Dan Harmon (author) from Boise, Idaho on September 28, 2012:
Absolutely it is toxic if burned. Not to the point that you will fall dead if you inhale a little smoke, but it is toxic. Enough so that it is banned in all but a few circumstances inside commercial buildings.
Bending PVC pipe should always be done outdoors as a result. Never bend it while in an enclosed space.
RTalloni on September 27, 2012:
I wish I'd known this could be done long ago because there are so many projects that the various sizes of PVC can be used for if can be bent. I have heard that if it burns it is toxic so thanks for the tips on how to do this safely.
Dan Harmon (author) from Boise, Idaho on June 24, 2012:
It is easy, just takes a lit experience to know when the pipe is hot enough. Definitely a "go" for anyone.
Christopher Wanamaker from Arizona on June 24, 2012:
You make it looks so easy! I guess trying to do it by yourself is a no-go. Great information - you have given me some great ideas for future projects.
Dan Harmon (author) from Boise, Idaho on June 24, 2012:
@GoodLady: yes, one can make an entire chair with legs and a normal back out of PVC pipe. It makes great patio furniture!
Penelope Hart from Rome, Italy on June 23, 2012:
A PVC pipe chair sounds like a great idea - a whole chair, the back and the seating part and even the legs! I love creative ideas like that. Thanks for all the descriptions and alternative heating possibilities!
Thumbs up etc.